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A type of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system that does not require the use of a microchip in the transponder. Some of the systems involve the use of aluminum fibers, which are embedded into paper or packaging materials. The fibers reflect a signal that a computer interprets as data. Other chipless RFID systems use materials made up of very small chemical particles that possess varying degrees of magnetism. The chemical particles become active when exposed to the electromagnetic waves from a reader. Each of the chemicals emits a unique signal that is received by the reader, which interprets the signal as a binary number. The small chemical particles can be embedded in paper or they can be printed onto paper or almost any type of substrate. Printed barcodes can be created, which can be scanned from up to 10 feet away without the need for the barcode to be in line of sight of the reader. With slight modifications, this technology can be used with existing barcode systems, which helps to limit the cost of developing a system because major upgrades of equipment are not necessary. Chipless RFID systems are often used as a security feature for certain digitally printed documents. The system can be used to prevent important documents from being taken by unauthorized persons; it can be used as a means of counterfeit prevention; and it can used to restrict unauthorized copying of sensitive documents.
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