Many personalized applications go a step beyond a simple mail merge, providing documents that are much more personalized for every individual. The document layout remains the same and much of the text and graphics are alike, but there may be some text blocks and graphics that change for specific individuals. The sizes of the variable elements are the same on every document so that it is easy to plug in variable data for different individuals without the variable data interfering with the static portions of the document. Some examples of personalized variable data applications include business cards, newsletters, and direct mail pieces. A well maintained database is necessary for an effective personalized VDP (variable data publishing) print project.